They don't dead short a car battery...It could explode, the meter has a very low resistance very high wattage load in it that can handle up to 150 amps, and can be set to the CCA* rating of the battery under test.
It is put under this load and the meter gives you the voltage (or percentage) reading at that load, if under a certain voltage then that battery has a cell that is sulfated* out or the battery needs to be recharged.
If you put a car battery under a charge of lets say 15 amps for 6 hours and then remove the charger and watch the DC voltage it should stay at a DC voltage no lower then 12 volts DC for one half hour, if one of the cells is dead (no water) or sulfated out then the DC voltage will drop to around 10 volts DC.(or less)
If this is the case the you need a new battery.
*CCA Cold Cranking Amps, the amount of DC current a battery can deliver at -17 degrees C (zero degrees F) for 30 seconds and hold a DC voltage of no less then 7.2 volts.
* Battery sulfation, (or sulfated out)a condition where a lead acid starting battery's plates convert to lead sulfate, the causes the battery's amperage load or DC voltage to drop below it's design limits, this is caused by improper charging, sitting too long without a charge or age.
This can be avoided by using a smart charger with a battery minder circuitry, this gives the battery a quick high frequency pulse at a certain interval, this reduces the sulphation of the plates, car charging systems do not have this type of circuitry, you need to disconnect the battery and use an external charger with this type of circuitry.